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South Korea's new semi-transparent silicon solar cell has an efficiency of 12% and is expected to become a new generation of "windows" in the future

2020-05-27

If future windows could capture sunlight to generate electricity, businesses and homes could potentially save money. The National Institute of Science and Technology in Ulsan (UNIST) has already developed transparent solar panels with a conversion efficiency of 12%. In the near future, windows might become solar panels, turning entire buildings into power plants. Unlike rooftop solar systems, which require consideration of aesthetics, regulations, and permits, fully transparent glass solar panels may be considered entry-level for commercialization. Therefore, many research institutions have begun exploring glass solar panels or integrating windows with solar technology in recent years. However, existing technologies face many challenges. Firstly, the conversion efficiency is less than 20% of that of conventional solar panels. Secondly, to absorb more wavelengths of sunlight, research often relies on emerging materials such as dyes and polymers, incorporating brown and blue pigments, which are still some time away from commercialization. Therefore, the UNIST team aims to modify commonly used silicon-based solar panels, potentially creating new opportunities for the solar energy market. In their research, UNIST first drilled countless tiny holes, about 100 micrometers in diameter and the size of a human hair, into a 1 square centimeter silicon solar cell. This design allows 100% sunlight to pass through and be absorbed by the cell without altering its color. The team ultimately developed a semi-transparent silicon solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 12%. While this is still below 20% and some distance from the commercially viable 15%, it is already superior to other transparent cells by 3-4%. UNIST researchers point out that the new transparent solar cell might be suitable as a solar window. Typically, in building-integrated solar systems, solar panels are mounted on exterior walls. However, the optimal angle of sunlight must be considered when installing solar panels; mounting them on exterior walls reduces efficiency by 30%. The new solar glass avoids this problem, reducing efficiency by only 4%. Co-author Kwanyong Seo hopes to quickly develop a semi-transparent solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 15%, and also to develop transparent electrodes. Source: Science and Technology News (December 17, 2019)

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