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Steel can be produced without coal. Sweden's first batch of "green steel" is delivered to Volvo, taking an important step towards zero fossil fuels.

2021-10-07

Swedish company Hybrit claims to have produced the world's first batch of "green steel" that doesn't use coal. Trial production has already begun and shipments have been made to truck manufacturer Volvo, with full commercial production expected in 2026. The IEA states that the steel industry is the largest industrial consumer of coal. While steel production is relatively mature in terms of emissions and other sustainability-related indicators, there is still much room for improvement. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the steel industry directly emits 260 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. In 2019, this figure exceeded the direct emissions of industries such as cement and chemicals. The IEA states that the steel industry is the largest industrial consumer of coal, meeting approximately 75% of its energy needs with coal. A year ago, Hybrit began trial operations at its green steel pilot plant in Lulea, northern Sweden, aiming to replace traditional coking coal with renewable electricity and hydrogen for steel production. Hydrogen is also key to the EU's goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Volvo plans to manufacture prototype vehicles and vehicle components using green steel starting next year. Hybrit is a joint venture between steelmaker SSAB, Swedish utility Vattenfall, and mining company LKAB. SSAB accounts for 10% and 7% of carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden and Finland, respectively. The company said the pilot deliveries are "an important step towards a zero-fossil fuel value chain... The goal is to deliver zero-fossil fuel steel to the market as early as 2026 and to demonstrate the technology on an industrial scale." Volvo plans to begin manufacturing prototype vehicles and vehicle components using green steel produced by SSAB using renewable energy this year, with small-scale series production to begin in 2022. Volvo CEO Martin Lundstedt said: "This is an important step towards completely climate-neutral transport." Volvo said the vehicles and machines will operate with zero emissions, but did not specify how they would work. It also added that the company is reviewing all materials used in its construction processes to eliminate all fossil fuel-based materials. H2 Green Steel plans to build a green steel plant and receives investment from Spotify's founder. Another green steel company, H2 Green Steel, plans to build a zero-fossil fuel steel plant in northern Sweden, including a sustainable hydrogen facility to power the plant. Production is expected to begin in 2024. In February of this year, H2 Green Steel received backing from investors including Spotify founder Daniel Ek. The company stated that it will begin green steel production in 2024 and aims to have an annual production capacity of 5 million tons by 2030. Hydrogen can be produced in various ways. One method is electrolysis, which uses an electric current to split water into oxygen and hydrogen. If the electricity used in electrolysis comes from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power, it is called "green hydrogen" or "renewable hydrogen." Steel and aluminum production is another area where renewable energy can play a role. Source: Environmental Information Center (https://e-info.org.tw/node/232054)

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